Editor's Update: In 2011, the U.S. Treasury issued a newly designed $100 bill that incorporates the latest high-tech anti-counterfeiting features. The following article offers a close-up view of ...Series 1990 $100 Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Circulated $450.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED 1990 (C) $20 Twenty Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Philadelphia Vintage $500.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED Rare 1990 Twenty Dollar Bill $1,800.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED $100 Bill Values – How Are They Graded? Average circulated notes grade between Very Fine (VF) and Extremely Fine (EF).These notes contain aspects such as limited folds, semi crisp to crisp surface, no tears, and no water damage or environmental damage.Dec 19, 2005 · All the counterfeit bills have in common the printed year of 1990 and the face value of 100 U.S. dollars. That’s why the Macanese government banned 100 U.S. dollar bills with the printed year of 1990. That’s why the world’s finest counterfeit bill is called the ‘Super Note.’. Because Super Note was made in North Korea, or because the ... Large size notes have been printed from 1862 to 1928, while small size notes were printed from 1928 until present day. The two bills hold the same nominal value, but large size notes may hold more value for collectors due to their rarity. Fun fact: The $100 bill is the largest denomination currently in circulation. Bigger denominations, such as ...The Redesigned $100 Note. In its first redesign since 1996, the new-design $100 note features additional security features including a 3-D Security Ribbon and color-shifting Bell in the Inkwell. The new-design $100 note also includes a portrait watermark of Benjamin Franklin that is visible from both sides of the note when held to light. Nov 12, 2013 · Finally got to see the new hundreds up-close. They are actually kind of ugly- with the mottled blue stripe running the front of the bill. But with new bill... Value. The standard bills in circulated condition won't be worth more than their face value of $100. They will only sell for a premium in uncirculated condition. Star notes can sell for higher prices. The 1996 series $100 bills are worth around $130 in uncirculated condition with a grade of MS 63.Value of $1 from 1990 to 2023. $1 in 1990 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2.34 today, an increase of $1.34 over 33 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.61% per year between 1990 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 133.89%. This means that today's prices are 2.34 times as high as average prices since ...CLICK HERE TO GO TO NEW U.S. CHECKER. DETAILS: Enter The Details Of Your Banknote Above Then Press CHECK! www.BanknoteSerialChecker.com. ADDITIONAL DETAILS: This tool currently checks for: Low Numbered: Serial #’s Under 10. Serial #’s Under 100.Sep 20, 2013 · The key is the eight-digit serial number, and whether it seems 'fancy' or special to collectors. When the redesigned $100 bill comes out Oct. 8, the one with the serial number 00000001 could be worth $10,000 to $15,000, Dustin Johnston, director of currency for Heritage Auctions in Dallas, told the Boston Globe. Advertisement. Meet the New $100 Bill. The Federal Reserve today shipped billions of dollars in new $100 bills that incorporate a host of new security features designed to make them harder to counterfeit. The ...Jul 12, 2023 · A TikToker says a store wouldn’t accept her $100 bill — because the cashier and the manager, who were both young, didn't recognize the old bill. Baby… we have to do better! On June 24, 2023, TikTok creator Kasey Lee (@kaseybay326) shared her experience in a store where they wouldn’t accept her $100 bill. “It's bad enough they can't ... The U.S. dollar has lost 57% its value since 1990. Updated: August 10, 2023. $100 in 1990 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $233.89 today, an increase of $133.89 over 33 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.61% per year between 1990 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 133.89%.The Redesigned $100 Note. In its first redesign since 1996, the new-design $100 note features additional security features including a 3-D Security Ribbon and color-shifting Bell in the Inkwell. The new-design $100 note also includes a portrait watermark of Benjamin Franklin that is visible from both sides of the note when held to light. CLICK HERE TO GO TO NEW U.S. CHECKER. DETAILS: Enter The Details Of Your Banknote Above Then Press CHECK! www.BanknoteSerialChecker.com. ADDITIONAL DETAILS: This tool currently checks for: Low Numbered: Serial #’s Under 10. Serial #’s Under 100.Finally got to see the new hundreds up-close. They are actually kind of ugly- with the mottled blue stripe running the front of the bill. But with new bill...1990 (L) $100 Dollar Bill ~ Vintage Small Face RARE **STAR NOTE** ~ Chicago ... New Listing 100 Dollar Bill Star Note Series LH11500840* $120.00. 0 bids. Free shipping. Vintage 1990 100 Dollar BIll. KinterTanningAndMore. 150 sales |. Pay as low as $50/mo. Klarna. Learn more.Feb 8, 2008 · Hi, I have an 1990 $100 bill in ciculated, but in excellent condition. (Slight crease in the middle) The serial No# is L43074183A. Is it worth more than a $100 dollars. For example%2C 00000001 through 0000000100%2C and some random ones. We are a couple of weeks away from getting our newly designed $100 bills, and when they arrive on October 8, some will actually ...All Denomination Full Print 1990 Series Mixed Bills Prop Money Stack. $24.99. $14.99. In stock. 8 Reviews. Save 37%. 236 results for 1990 100 dollar bill Save this search Shipping to: 98837 Shop on eBay Brand New $20.00 or Best Offer derosnopS Series 1990 $100 Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Circulated $450.00 kr93597 (8) 0% or Best Offer Free shipping derosnopS offset 100 dollar bill 1990 series good condition $800.00 chba_6941 (0) 0% or Best Offer Sep 22, 2013 · For example%2C 00000001 through 0000000100%2C and some random ones. We are a couple of weeks away from getting our newly designed $100 bills, and when they arrive on October 8, some will actually ... The Redesigned $100 Note. In its first redesign since 1996, the new-design $100 note features additional security features including a 3-D Security Ribbon and color-shifting Bell in the Inkwell. The new-design $100 note also includes a portrait watermark of Benjamin Franklin that is visible from both sides of the note when held to light.Using the security ribbon, a user can identify a real $100 bill from a fake one by tilting the note back and forth while focusing on the blue security ribbon. A $100 bill in good condition is worth $30-35 if it has a serial no. 00000001 or greater. A bill with a serial number lower than 00000000 will only fetch you $1,000.But the backs of those bills would depict key players in the suffrage and civil-rights movements: Marian Anderson and Martin Luther King Jr. on the $5 bill, and Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Alice Paul on the $10 bill. But the election of Donald Trump in November 2016 may have halted those plans ...Small Size One Hundred Dollar Bills (1928 – present) – Values and Pricing. Old style $100 bills featuring a small head Benjamin Franklin were printed from 1928 until 1993. These one hundred dollars bills are typically broken down into groups based upon their seal colors, which can be: Green – Brown – Gold – Red.The $100 bill was redesign back in 2013, was a long time coming. However, the end result was the most complex note ever made. It has the most advanced protection features of any US Dollar bill, ever made! Here's how you too can check the $100 bill: There are seven security features, and seven bills they affect. #1 Physical Size & Weight Check out our 1990 100 bill selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our coins & money shops.For denominations $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100, the note has a letter and number designation that corresponds to one of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks. The letter of each indicator matches the second letter of the serial number on the note. For denominations $1 and $2, the note includes a seal that identifies one of the 12 Federal Reserve banks. Sell 1990 $100 Bill; Item Info; Series: 1990: Type: Federal Reserve Note: Seal Varieties: Green: Signature Varieties: 1. Villalpando - Brady: Varieties: 12 Banks Issued Notes: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco, St. Louis: Star Notes: 6 Varieties with Star ...The $50 note features subtle background colors of blue and red, and includes an embedded security thread that glows yellow when illuminated by UV light. When held to light, a portrait watermark of President Grant is visible from both sides of the note. The note includes a color-shifting numeral 50 in the lower right corner of the note. Value of $1 from 1990 to 2023. $1 in 1990 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2.34 today, an increase of $1.34 over 33 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.61% per year between 1990 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 133.89%. This means that today's prices are 2.34 times as high as average prices since ...$100 Note Issued 1990 - 1996 All U.S. currency remains legal tender, regardless of when it was issued. Key Security Features Security Thread Hold the note to light to see an embedded thread running vertically to the left of the portrait.1950C ONE HUNDRED DOLLAR BILL FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE~*Unaligned*~Circulated~#4049. $155.00. Free shipping. or Best Offer. Benefits charity. 1950 D US 100 DOLLAR FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE ISSUED BY THE ST. LOUIS BANK. $145.00. $7.00 shipping. These $100 bills were large size gold certificates, and they’re extremely valuable today regardless of condition. This guide covers $100 bills from 1863 all the way up to 1966. One hundred dollar bills from 1966 are small size red seal legal tender notes. These notes are common and in circulated condition are worth about $110.For example%2C 00000001 through 0000000100%2C and some random ones. We are a couple of weeks away from getting our newly designed $100 bills, and when they arrive on October 8, some will actually ...These inkwells should change color as you move the bill, and a green image of a bell should become visible. To the right of the inkwell, you will find a copper-colored “100” that should also change color as you move the bill. The serial numbers should align with the series of the bill. Locate the area that says SERIES 2009 and check it ...For denominations $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100, the note has a letter and number designation that corresponds to one of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks. The letter of each indicator matches the second letter of the serial number on the note. For denominations $1 and $2, the note includes a seal that identifies one of the 12 Federal Reserve banks.A Brochure on $100 Note Security Features. The $100 note is the largest denomination of U.S. currency currently issued by the Federal Reserve Board. Understanding how to use the security features in the note will help you avoid accepting a counterfeit. Download Now Order Booklet.Using the security ribbon, a user can identify a real $100 bill from a fake one by tilting the note back and forth while focusing on the blue security ribbon. A $100 bill in good condition is worth $30-35 if it has a serial no. 00000001 or greater. A bill with a serial number lower than 00000000 will only fetch you $1,000.The $50 note features subtle background colors of blue and red, and includes an embedded security thread that glows yellow when illuminated by UV light. When held to light, a portrait watermark of President Grant is visible from both sides of the note. The note includes a color-shifting numeral 50 in the lower right corner of the note.Series 1990 $100 Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Circulated $450.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED 1990 (C) $20 Twenty Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Philadelphia Vintage $500.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED Rare 1990 Twenty Dollar Bill $1,800.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED The standard bills in circulated condition won't be worth more than their face value of $100. They will only sell for a premium in uncirculated condition. Star notes can sell for higher prices. Both the 1981 and 1981A series $100 bills are worth around $150-175 in uncirculated condition with a grade of MS 63. These printable coloring sheets of denominations $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, and $100 are intended for children, parents, and teachers. Download Play Money Coloring Sheets. Printable Play Money. Learn to recognize and count U.S. currency with these printable money cutouts, intended for children, parents, and teachers.CLICK HERE TO GO TO NEW U.S. CHECKER. DETAILS: Enter The Details Of Your Banknote Above Then Press CHECK! www.BanknoteSerialChecker.com. ADDITIONAL DETAILS: This tool currently checks for: Low Numbered: Serial #’s Under 10. Serial #’s Under 100.Issued 1914 - 1990. All U.S. currency remains legal tender, regardless of when it was issued. 1914. The first $100 Federal Reserve note is issued. The note measures 7.375 x 3.125 inches and features . a portrait of Benjamin Franklin on the front and a vignette of figures representing Labor, Plenty, America, Peace, and Commerce on the back. 1929 The listing is for a vintage circulated 100 DOLLAR BILL, print year series 1990, serial number H 54192697 A Federal Reserve Seal - Bank of St. Louis, Missouri Signed by Secretary of the Treasury - Nicholas F. Brady The bill was picked out of circulation and has absolutely great condition, like new :Sell 1990 $100 Bill; Item Info; Series: 1990: Type: Federal Reserve Note: Seal Varieties: Green: Signature Varieties: 1. Villalpando - Brady: Varieties: 12 Banks Issued Notes: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco, St. Louis: Star Notes: 6 Varieties with Star ...In uncirculated condition, a 2009 $100 star note is worth anywhere from $150 to $200. Some star notes are still in circulation and thus aren’t worth much more than their face value. The face value of a 2013 series $5 star note is $5. The Boston Fed’s 2013 series $5 star note, which was printed in July 2013, has an MS 63 grade and is worth ...Aug 10, 2023 · United States' paper currency's familiar imagery, such as President George Washington on the one-dollar bill and President Abraham Lincoln on the five-dollar bill, are engraved into the American psyche. The unique 11 digits of letters and numbers comprise the serial numbers of each bill and should appear twice on the note's front. Welcome to CT @Vikk. On average, uncirculated 1990 $100’s bring anywhere from $125-$150 each. I’m not sure, but doubtful that being consecutive adds much of a premium to their value.1990 (L) $100 Dollar Bill ~ Vintage Small Face RARE **STAR NOTE** ~ Chicago ... New Listing 100 Dollar Bill Star Note Series LH11500840* $120.00. 0 bids. Free shipping.The 1990 series $100 bills are worth around $150 in uncirculated condition with a grade of MS 63. Star Notes Star notes are replacement bills that the United States Federal Reserve printed. These star notes are more rare and thus more valuable. These inkwells should change color as you move the bill, and a green image of a bell should become visible. To the right of the inkwell, you will find a copper-colored “100” that should also change color as you move the bill. The serial numbers should align with the series of the bill. Locate the area that says SERIES 2009 and check it ...How much is a 1990 100 dollar bill worth? A 1900 one-hundred dollar bill is only worth about $100. If it is in exceptional condition, it could bring in about $105.Below I will talk about old $100 bills from 1950, if they’re real, how to tell, and what they are worth. In short, most $100 bills from 1950 are real and are not worth more than their face value. Even if it’s in perfect condition you may get $105 to $110 for it. The reason for this is literally billions of one hundred dollar bills have been ... In 1990, core inflation was 5.03%. When using the core inflation measurement, $100 in 1990 is equivalent in buying power to $226.19 in 2023, a difference of $126.19. Recall that the converted amount is $233.89 when all items including food and energy are measured. 236 results for 1990 100 dollar bill Save this search Shipping to: 98837 Shop on eBay Brand New $20.00 or Best Offer derosnopS Series 1990 $100 Dollar Bill Federal Reserve Note Circulated $450.00 kr93597 (8) 0% or Best Offer Free shipping derosnopS offset 100 dollar bill 1990 series good condition $800.00 chba_6941 (0) 0% or Best Offer 1990 $100 bills have modest security features compared to current bills. Things to look for include: A watermark on the right side, between the large "100" and the bill's edge.As part of an effort to stay one step of counterfeiters, the U.S. Treasury Department has unveiled a high tech makeover of the $100 bill. These photos show the new version of the $100 bill and how it changed through decades till its appearance in 1860. The 2010 version of the $100 bill, just revealed.An old rare $100 bill in a mint condition worth $40,000 will probably not add much more value if it was part of a famous person collection. Serial Number: This is one of my favorite value-determining factors. If you look at the first $100 bill picture on this page, you’ll notice the serial number: A00000001A also known as Serial Number 1.What's it worth? $100 One Hundred Dollar U.S. currency,paper money,bank note,dollar bill,price guide,values,valuation,prices. Current Values for $100 US paper money currency,price list. For example%2C 00000001 through 0000000100%2C and some random ones. We are a couple of weeks away from getting our newly designed $100 bills, and when they arrive on October 8, some will actually ...Small Size One Hundred Dollar Bills (1928 – present) – Values and Pricing. Old style $100 bills featuring a small head Benjamin Franklin were printed from 1928 until 1993. These one hundred dollars bills are typically broken down into groups based upon their seal colors, which can be: Green – Brown – Gold – Red.years 1990 and 1993. For more information about U.S. currency visit www.uscurrency.gov. Security Thread . Hold the note to light to see an embedded thread running vertically to the left of the portrait. The thread . is imprinted with the letters USA and the numeral 100 in an alternating pattern and is visible from both sides of the note. 99.3% FANCY RARE 100 Dollar Bill Star Note 2009 Series A EXTREMELY LOW Number #. $950.00. $5.25 shipping. or Best Offer. 20 watching. Jul 12, 2023 · A TikToker says a store wouldn’t accept her $100 bill — because the cashier and the manager, who were both young, didn't recognize the old bill. Baby… we have to do better! On June 24, 2023, TikTok creator Kasey Lee (@kaseybay326) shared her experience in a store where they wouldn’t accept her $100 bill. “It's bad enough they can't ... Bills marked with 99999900 and higher are especially prized. 3. Flippers. A flipper is a note whose number can be read right side up or upside down. Such as, 0069000. On eBay, flippers cost a few bucks up to several hundred dollars. 4. Star Notes. Some bills have a star instead of a letter at the end of their serial number.While overall demand for US currency is indeed on the rise, with $100 bills outpacing other denominations in both volume and total value, most $100 bills are held abroad. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, nearly 80 percent of $100 bills—and more than 60 percent of all US bills—are overseas, up from roughly 30 percent in 1980.2. Use an ultraviolet (black) light to look at security threads. Plastic strips in high-denomination bills should glow a specific color. The $5 dollar bill should glow blue; the $10 bill should glow orange; the $20 bill should glow green; the $50 bill should glow yellow; the $100 bill should glow pink.Sell 1990 $100 Bill; Item Info; Series: 1990: Type: Federal Reserve Note: Seal Varieties: Green: Signature Varieties: 1. Villalpando - Brady: Varieties: 12 Banks Issued Notes: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco, St. Louis: Star Notes: 6 Varieties with Star ...CLICK HERE TO GO TO NEW U.S. CHECKER. DETAILS: Enter The Details Of Your Banknote Above Then Press CHECK! www.BanknoteSerialChecker.com. ADDITIONAL DETAILS: This tool currently checks for: Low Numbered: Serial #’s Under 10. Serial #’s Under 100.What's it worth? $100 One Hundred Dollar U.S. currency,paper money,bank note,dollar bill,price guide,values,valuation,prices. Current Values for $100 US paper money currency,price list.The U.S. government periodically redesigns Federal Reserve notes to make them easier to use, but more difficult to counterfeit. It is U.S. government policy that all designs of U.S currency remain legal tender, regardless of when they were issued. This policy includes all denominations of Federal Reserve notes, from 1914 to the present. Aug 19, 2019 · 1990 $100 bills have modest security features compared to current bills. Things to look for include:A watermark on the right side, between the large "100" and the bill's edge.A security thread to ... Feb 8, 2008 · Hi, I have an 1990 $100 bill in ciculated, but in excellent condition. (Slight crease in the middle) The serial No# is L43074183A. Is it worth more than a $100 dollars. The features first appear in Series 1990 $100 notes. By Series 1993, the features appeared on all denominations except $1 and $2 notes. SEE FULL HISTORY TIMELINEThere are tiny words printed on the bill in a few different locations. In order to see the microprinting you may need a magnifying glass. On the modern series bills, the microprinting can be found on Franklin's collar, the bottom of Franklin's portrait, and to the right of the brown quill. Microprinting was first added to the $100 bill in 1990. Issued 1914 - 1990. All U.S. currency remains legal tender, regardless of when it was issued. 1914. The first $100 Federal Reserve note is issued. The note measures 7.375 x 3.125 inches and features . a portrait of Benjamin Franklin on the front and a vignette of figures representing Labor, Plenty, America, Peace, and Commerce on the back. 1929Aug 10, 2023 · United States' paper currency's familiar imagery, such as President George Washington on the one-dollar bill and President Abraham Lincoln on the five-dollar bill, are engraved into the American psyche. The unique 11 digits of letters and numbers comprise the serial numbers of each bill and should appear twice on the note's front. 11/1990 : Series 1985. FRB - Run No. Serial Number Range Run Size Replacement Type Print Date; B-1 : B 00 000 001 * B 03 200 000 * 128,000 : n/a : 04/1986 : D-1 : D ...Course Class Mastermind Instagram Flyer, Ebook Flyer, Money Fall Canva Templates, Canva Course Launch Flyer, 100 Dollar Bills, DIY Templates. (8) $16.50. Edible money 100 dollar bills for cakes. New one hundred dollar. Made with sugar frosting paper. (11k) $2.00.Meet the New $100 Bill. The Federal Reserve today shipped billions of dollars in new $100 bills that incorporate a host of new security features designed to make them harder to counterfeit. The ...
Issued 1914 - 1990. All U.S. currency remains legal tender, regardless of when it was issued. 1914. The first $100 Federal Reserve note is issued. The note measures 7.375 x 3.125 inches and features . a portrait of Benjamin Franklin on the front and a vignette of figures representing Labor, Plenty, America, Peace, and Commerce on the back. 1929 . Arvo_gruen.woff
The United States one-hundred-dollar bill ( $100) is a denomination of United States currency. The first United States Note with this value was issued in 1862 and the Federal Reserve Note version was first produced in 1914. [2] Inventor and U.S. Founding Father Benjamin Franklin has been featured on the obverse of the bill since 1914, [3] which ... $100 Note Issued 1990 - 1996 All U.S. currency remains legal tender, regardless of when it was issued. Key Security Features Security Thread Hold the note to light to see an embedded thread running vertically to the left of the portrait. The U.S. government periodically redesigns Federal Reserve notes to make them easier to use, but more difficult to counterfeit. It is U.S. government policy that all designs of U.S currency remain legal tender, regardless of when they were issued. This policy includes all denominations of Federal Reserve notes, from 1914 to the present.How much is a 1990 100 dollar bill worth? A 1900 one-hundred dollar bill is only worth about $100. If it is in exceptional condition, it could bring in about $105.Value of $1 from 1990 to 2023. $1 in 1990 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2.34 today, an increase of $1.34 over 33 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.61% per year between 1990 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 133.89%. This means that today's prices are 2.34 times as high as average prices since ...1950C ONE HUNDRED DOLLAR BILL FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE~*Unaligned*~Circulated~#4049. $155.00. Free shipping. or Best Offer. Benefits charity. 1950 D US 100 DOLLAR FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE ISSUED BY THE ST. LOUIS BANK. $145.00. $7.00 shipping.$100 Bill Values – How Are They Graded? Average circulated notes grade between Very Fine (VF) and Extremely Fine (EF).These notes contain aspects such as limited folds, semi crisp to crisp surface, no tears, and no water damage or environmental damage.Large size notes have been printed from 1862 to 1928, while small size notes were printed from 1928 until present day. The two bills hold the same nominal value, but large size notes may hold more value for collectors due to their rarity. Fun fact: The $100 bill is the largest denomination currently in circulation. Bigger denominations, such as ...1990 (L) $100 Dollar Bill ~ Vintage Small Face RARE **STAR NOTE** ~ Chicago ... New Listing 100 Dollar Bill Star Note Series LH11500840* $120.00. 0 bids. Free shipping.The standard bills in circulated condition won't be worth more than their face value of $100. They will only sell for a premium in uncirculated condition. Star notes can sell for higher prices. The 1996 series $100 bills are worth around $130 in uncirculated condition with a grade of MS 63. The Redesigned $100 Note. In its first redesign since 1996, the new-design $100 note features additional security features including a 3-D Security Ribbon and color-shifting Bell in the Inkwell. The new-design $100 note also includes a portrait watermark of Benjamin Franklin that is visible from both sides of the note when held to light.Is my old 1950 $100 bill Real or Fake? The quick answer is your $100 bill is almost always going to be real. The likely-hood of your running into a counterfeit $100 bill is slim to none. Bills dated 1990 and OLDER have a higher probability of being fake simply due to the lack of security features on them. Security features include watermarks ....